Marshall is two kinds of water in one ZIP. Along Main Street and the streets off it, inside the County’s Marshall Service District, the tap is fed by the Fauquier County Water and Sanitation Authority’s Marshall system, which the Authority took over from a private owner in 2008. Drive a mile out on Route 17 or Rectortown Road and the meter disappears: past the district line, every farmhouse and big lot runs on a private well with its own pump and pressure tank in the basement.
The Authority’s own wells tell you something about the rock under Marshall. They’re drilled into fractured bedrock between 285 and 445 feet down, and two of them pull enough iron and manganese that FCWSA runs a large greensand filter at its 17/66 well site to take it out. A private well a mile away draws from the same kind of ground, so orange or black staining in a sink isn’t unusual out here, and it’s worth knowing before you blame the pump for a pressure drop that’s really a clogged filter.
Depth is the number that moves a well pump price. Across Fauquier, the households that tested their water in Virginia Cooperative Extension’s clinics from 2012 to 2017 had wells anywhere from 50 to 705 feet deep. A pump hanging 400 feet down means 400 feet of wire and pipe to pull, which is why the job with new wire and drop pipe is $4,900 to $6,500 and a pump alone on good wire is $2,781 to $4,000. We test the wire from the house first, so you know which one you’re buying.
The houses vary as much as the water. Marshall was called Salem until the 1880s and was laid out in 1796, and Anderson Avenue still has its 1920s to 1940s frame houses. North of Main Street, the neighborhood west of Rectortown Road went up mostly in the 1970s through the 1990s, and the ZIP’s Census count puts more than 1,600 homes in those three decades. A well from that era often has its second or third pump and tank by now, and the first question we ask is which parts are original.